Step 1 Leading-in （導(dǎo)入）用下劃線標(biāo)出下文中定語或定語從句。
He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fang’s father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.
Step 2 語法講解
1：有關(guān)定語從句的幾個概念
1）功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語
2）位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.
3）先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞
4）關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞
2：關(guān)系詞的雙重身份及其選用原則
1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。 2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。
|
先行詞前指代先行詞 |
關(guān)系詞 |
定語從句后在從句中做句子成分 |
|
人 |
who |
主語(說明是“誰”) |
|
人 |
whom |
賓語(說明是“誰”) |
|
人 |
whose |
定語(說明是“誰的”) |
|
人 |
that |
主語 /賓語 |
|
物 |
which |
主語 /賓語 |
|
時間 |
when |
時間狀語 |
|
原因 |
why |
原因狀語 |
|
地點 |
where |
地點狀語 |
|
人物/事件/句子 |
as |
主語/賓語/表語 |
3：熟記如下原則:
A：關(guān)系詞必用which 的定語從句
1）在非限制性定語從句 2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時
3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時 4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時
B：當(dāng)先行詞指物時,宜用that
1）先行詞被 ①形容詞最高級 ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修飾時。
2）先行詞被all\much\little\none\few\one\something\anything等不定代詞修飾時。
3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
4）當(dāng)主句中含疑問詞which時。Which are the books that you bought for me?
5）先行詞在主句中作表語，關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。
C: who與that都可指人時，情況多用who作關(guān)系詞 .
1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞用 。
2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用 。
3） whom在從句中只作賓語，可被 取代。
4）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用 。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
D: whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。
Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?
Do you know Mr. Smith, the story of whom is very moving?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.（whose引導(dǎo)定從修飾room）
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
There is a room, and its window faces the river. (2并列句用and 連接)
1) She has two brothers, wives are doctors.
2) She has two brothers, and wives are doctors.
E：關(guān)系代詞as,作主語、賓語和表語
先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。
1. Such books as you bought are useful.
2. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：區(qū)別 ①such … that … 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
They are such lovely children that we love them much..
② the same … that … 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
I want to use the same tool that \as you used just now.
F: 關(guān)系副詞when與where、why：when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which；
where指地點 = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which
1）I heard the reason___________ he gave .
2）I heard the reason ____________he was late .
3）Is this the factory __________ you visited yesterday？
4）Is this the factory ____________you worked before？
5）I will never forget the days_________we spent together__________we travelled in America.
Step3 定語從句練習(xí)：
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
Step 4 高考鏈接
1. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. (2011全國卷I)
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
2. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海卷) A. which B. where C. when D. as
定語從句練習(xí)
一．定語從句的理解：
用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞成為定語：
例如： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
能否再舉出類似的例子_________________________
以上的定語都是單詞或短語，如果定語是句子時，便成為定語從句。
I know the girl in red → I know the girl who is in red
(這樣變化幫助理解，前者表示更簡潔，所以一般我們會在無法用某個詞匯或短語來修飾名詞或代詞時，我們選擇定語從句來幫助)
I know the girl. The girl is in red. (兩個簡單句) → （定語從句）
I know the girl who is in red.
找出被修飾的詞是_______________。這個詞就成為先行詞。
其中連接兩個句子的是________________。 它就成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中指代先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，觀察上句，關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)____________。
二．試一試：觀察下列幾組簡單句，并試著寫出定語從句。(后面附有定語從句中關(guān)系詞的用法，先學(xué)習(xí)后，可以幫助)
I know the woman. The woman is come from France.
______________________________________________________________
He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him.
______________________________________________________________
This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boy’s life.
_____________________________________________________________
He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street.
_____________________________________________________________
Lilly bought the book. The book’s cover is pink.
_______________________________________________________________
The boy studies hard. The boy’s father is a doctor.
_________________________________________________________________
This is the school. My mother works in the school.
_______________________________________________________________
I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day.
_______________________________________________________________
Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason.
__________________________________________________________________
I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents.
________________________________________________________________
三：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom will go to Shanghai, ______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認(rèn)出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. She loves playing soccer is very popular in the UK.
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. The park is a very quiet place you can have e rest.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
四：高考題：
1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other. （20山東卷） A. they B. where C. what D. that
2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. （2011江西卷）
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
3. A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷）
A. when B. that C. where D. there
4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. （2011福建卷）
A. which B. where C. what D. who
5. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011天津卷） A. when B. that C. where D. which
五：翻譯：
1：我在實驗高中讀書。
2：我在實驗高中讀書，實驗高中位于我們縣城南部。（用定語從句）
3：我熱愛中國古代哲學(xué)。
4：我熱愛中國古代哲學(xué)，古代中國哲學(xué)很有意思。（用定語從句）
5：孔子是位偉大的哲學(xué)家，他影響了中國2000多年。
6：墨子是中國古代很有影響力的哲學(xué)家。
7：墨子是中國古代很有影響力的哲學(xué)家，他以穿著不修邊幅和行為舉止而文明。
定語從句練習(xí)二
1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. what
5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _____ you can visit during the winter holidays.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners __ you should know when you visit Korea.
A. which B. who C. what D. how
7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
8.Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
9.Is ________ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school
C. this school one D. this school where
10.---What kind of music do you like?
---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
A. that B. what C. who D. whose
11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
12.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
13.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it
14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. whom C. which D. where
16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
A. who B. whom C. which D. what
17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
A. what B. whose C. whom D. which
18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
A. that B. who C. how D. why
19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
22.I love the small village ________ I was born.
A. that B. which C. where D. whose
23.Here comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who
24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
25.The boy ___________ is watering the flowers is my cousin.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
26.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party?
---No, I don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.
A. who;/ B. whose; that
C. that; which D. /; whom
27. The boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.
A. when B. whom C. who D. which
28.Children like houses ________ are painted in different colours.
A. which B. they C. those D. what
29.Do you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?
A. who B. where C. that D. it
30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ____ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
31. The number of people ___________ lost homes reached 250,000.
A. which B. who C. whom D. /
32. At last, the man handed everything ____________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. whom C. whatever D. that
33. Everything ___________ he said is true.
A. that B. what . which who
34. He _________ plays with fire gets burned.
A. which B. who C. that D. what
35. This is the building in __________ he lives.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
36. There is nothing ___________ I can do for you.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
37. Mr Zhang is the doctor ____________ house is near ours.
A. who B. whose C. that D. /
38. Most of the students are afraid of the teachers _____________ strict with students.
A. who is B. that is C. which are D. who are
KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where
11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that
21.that 22 which 23.whose 24. where 25. whose 26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where
Keys:
1-5 DACAD
6-10 ADABA
11-15BABCA
16-20 ACACB
21-25 BCBBD
26-30ACACA
